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Allahu Akhbar

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	====Allahu Akhbar====		====Allahu Akhbar====
	:"God is ~~Great (-est)~~"; term of praise; war cry of Muslims.		:"God is Greatest"; term of praise; war cry of Muslims.

	====AH====		====AH====

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<noinclude>{{Islam 101 TOC}}
{{#tag:metadesc |Glossary of terms from Islam 101 by Gregory M. Davis, hosted by Weapon of Musical Defense}}
</noinclude>
[[Category:Islam 101 Glossary]]
<noinclude>
==[[The Basics - Islam 101|The Basics]]==
==[[Jihad and Dhimmitude - Islam 101|Jihad and Dhimmitude]]==
==[[Frequently Asked Questions - Islam 101|Frequently Asked Questions]]==</noinclude>
==[[Glossary of Terms - Islam 101|Glossary of Terms]]==
====Allah====
:"God"; Arabic Christians also worship "Allah," but an Allah of a very different sort.

====Allahu Akhbar====
:"God is Great (-est)"; term of praise; war cry of Muslims.

====AH====
:"after Hijra"; the Islamic calendar?s system of dating; employs lunar rather than solar years; as of January 2007, we are in AH 1428.

====Ansar====
:"aiders" or "helpers"; Arabian tribesmen allied with Muhammad and the early Muslims.

====Badr====
first significant battle fought by Muhammad and the Muslims against the Quraish tribe of Mecca.

====Caliph====
: title of the ruler or leader of the Umma (global Muslim community); the head of the former Islamic Empire; the title was abolished by Kemal Attaturk in 1924 following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire and the founding of modern Turkey.

====dar al-Islam====
: "House (Realm) of Islam"; Islamic territory ruled by Sharia law

====dar al-harb====
: "House (Realm) of War": territory ruled by infidels

====dar al-sulh====
: "House (Realm) of Truce": territory ruled by infidels but allied with Islam; territory ruled by Muslims but not under Sharia law

====Dhimma====
: the pact of protection extended to non-slave "People of the Book", usually Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, which permitted them to remain nominally free under Muslim rule.

====dhimmi====
: "protected"; people under the protection of the dhimma.

====dhimmitude====
: word coined by historian Bat Ye'or to describe the status of dhimmi peoples

====hadith====
: "report"; any of thousands of episodes from the life of Muhammad transmitted orally until written down in the eighth century AD; sahih (reliable or sound) hadiths are second only to the Quran in authority.

====Hijra====
: "emigration"; Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) in AD 622.

====Islam====
: "submission" or "surrender."

====jizya====
: the poll or head tax prescribed by Sura 9:29 of the Quran to be paid by Christians and Jews in Muslim-held territory.

====Kaba====
: "cube"; the Meccan temple in which numerous pagan idols were housed before Muhammad's conquest of Mecca in AD 632, which is still the most venerated object in Islam; the Kaba's cornerstone, which is believed to have fallen from heaven, is the stone on which Abraham was to sacrifice his son, Ishmael (not Isaac).

====Mecca====
: holiest city of Islam; place of Muhammad's birth in AD 570; its Great Mosque contains the Kaba stone; early period in Muhammad's life where more peaceful verses of the Quran were revealed; site of Muhammad's victory over the Quraish in AD 630.

====Medina====
: "city," short for "city of the Prophet"; second holiest city of Islam; destination of Muhammad's Hijra (emigration) in AD 622; later period in Muhammad's life where more violent verses of the Quran were revealed; site of third major battle fought by Muhammad against the Quraish tribe from Mecca; formerly called Yathrib.

====Muhammad====
: "the praised one."

====Muslim====
: one who submits.

====Quran (Kuran, Quran, etc.)====
: "recitation"; according to Islam, the compiled verbatim words of Allah as dictated by Muhammad.

====razzia====
: "raid"; acts of piracy on land or sea by Muslims against infidels

====Sira====
: "life"; abbreviation of Sirat Rasul Allah, or "Life of the Prophet of God"; the canonical biography of the Prophet Muhammad written in the eighth century by Ibn Ishaq and later edited by Ibn Hisham; modern translation by Alfred Guillaume.

====Sunnah====
: the "Way" of the Prophet Muhammad; includes his teachings, traditions, and example.

====Sura====
: a chapter of the Quran; Quranic passages are cited as Sura number:verse number, e.g., 9:5.

====Uhud====
: second major battle fought by Muhammad against the Quraish tribe of Mecca.

====Umar====
: second "rightly-guided" Caliph; ruled AD 634--44, succeeded Abu Bakr; conquered the Holy Land.

====Umma (ummah)====
: the global Muslim community; the body of Muslim faithful.

====Uthman====
: third "rightly-guided" Caliph; ruled AD 644--56, succeeded Umar; compiled the Quran in book form.

====Yathrib====
: city to which Muhammad made the Hijra (emigration) in AD 622/AH 1; renamed Medina.

Glossary of Terms - Islam 101 - Revision history

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